Focal Length — The primary control over field of view. Shorter focal lengths see more of the scene; longer ones see less but magnify distant subjects.
Sensor Size — A smaller sensor crops into the center of the image circle, narrowing the field of view (the crop factor effect).
Orientation — Portrait (vertical) orientation shows a taller, narrower slice. Landscape (horizontal) shows the wider, more traditional view.
Scene Context — Different scenes (cityscapes, interiors, nature) help you understand how FOV changes feel in various real-world contexts.